Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax Archives - Page 3 of 3

Understanding Double Tax Treaties: A Comprehensive Guide

FP News, International, International Tax, OECD, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Tax Dispute Resolution, Transfer Pricing, United Nations / ATL-Editor

*For clarity, the term Double Tax TreatyA Double Taxation AgreementA Double Taxation Agreement (DTA), also known as a Double Taxation Treaty (or a Tax Treaty), is an international tax treaty between two or more countries that aims to prevent individuals or businesses from being taxed twice on the same income. With globalisation and the increase in cross-border economic activities, DTAs have become essential tools for promoting trade, investment, and... More (DTAA Double Taxation Agreement (DTA), also known as a Double Taxation Treaty (or a Tax Treaty), is an international tax treaty between two or more countries that aims to prevent individuals or businesses from being taxed twice on the same income. With globalisation and the increase in cross-border economic activities, DTAs have become essential tools for promoting trade, investment, and... More), also known as a Double TaxationDouble Taxation occurs when the same income or financial transaction is taxed twice, typically in different jurisdictions. It can arise in two primary contexts: economic double taxation, where the same income is taxed twice in the hands of different taxpayers, and juridical double taxation, where the same taxpayer is taxed on the same income in more than one country. Double... More Treaty (or a Tax TreatyA Double Taxation Agreement (DTA), also known as a Double Taxation Treaty (or a Tax Treaty), is an international tax treaty between two or more countries that aims to prevent individuals or businesses from being taxed twice on the same income. With globalisation and the increase in cross-border economic activities, DTAs have become essential tools for promoting trade, investment, and... More), is an international tax treatyA Double Taxation Agreement (DTA), also known as a Double Taxation Treaty (or a Tax Treaty), is an international tax treaty between two or more countries that aims to prevent individuals or businesses from being taxed twice on the same income. With globalisation and the increase in cross-border economic activities, DTAs have become essential tools for promoting trade, investment, and... More between two or more countries that aims to prevent individuals or businesses from being taxed twice on the same income. With globalisation and the increase in cross-border economic […]

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Mutual Agreement Procedures (MAP): Key Guidelines

Dispute Resolution, FP News, International, OECD, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Tax Dispute Resolution, United Nations / Dr Daniel N Erasmus

Mutual Agreement Procedures (MAP) are key mechanisms that ensure fair tax treatment in international transactions. They help resolve conflicts between tax authorities, avoiding double taxationDouble Taxation occurs when the same income or financial transaction is taxed twice, typically in different jurisdictions. It can arise in two primary contexts: economic double taxation, where the same income is taxed twice in the hands of different taxpayers, and juridical double taxation, where the same taxpayer is taxed on the same income in more than one country. Double... More and promoting business growth.

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Apple vs. European Commission

Arms Length Principle, EU, International, International Tax, Ireland, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in Transfer Pricing, TP Case Summaries, Transfer Pricing / Dr Daniel N Erasmus

This case revolves around the European Commission’s appeal against the General Court’s decision to annul the Commission’s ruling that Ireland granted Apple unlawful state aid through favourable tax rulingsA tax ruling is a formal decision provided by a tax authority, clarifying how specific tax laws and regulations apply to an individual taxpayer or a corporate entity in particular circumstances. Often sought before a significant financial transaction or investment, tax rulings offer legal certainty by outlining the tax implications and obligations in advance. Such rulings are pivotal for multinational... More.

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3M Company v Commissioner of Internal Revenue: U.S. Transfer Pricing and Foreign Legal Restrictions

FP News, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in Transfer Pricing, Tax Dispute Resolution, TP Case Summaries, Transfer Pricing, United States / Dr Daniel N Erasmus

The dispute focused on the income taxIncome Tax is a direct levy imposed by governments on the income generated by individuals, corporations, and other entities within a specific jurisdiction. It serves as a major source of revenue for governments and funds various public expenditures, such as infrastructure projects, healthcare, education, national security, and welfare programs. The tax is generally calculated as a percentage of the taxable... More treatment of intellectual propertyIntellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, including inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. It grants creators exclusive legal rights to use and exploit their work, ensuring protection against unauthorised use or reproduction. These rights are critical in fostering innovation and creativity while providing economic value to individuals and organisations. IP... More (IPIntellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, including inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. It grants creators exclusive legal rights to use and exploit their work, ensuring protection against unauthorised use or reproduction. These rights are critical in fostering innovation and creativity while providing economic value to individuals and organisations. IP... More) transactions between 3M’s U.S. subsidiaries and its Brazilian subsidiary, 3M do Brasil Ltda (3M Brazil), for the tax year 2006.

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Nokia vs. India: Permanent Establishment and Profit Attribution Dispute

FP News, India, International, International Tax, Permanent Establishment, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in Transfer Pricing, Tax Dispute Resolution, TP Case Summaries, Transfer Pricing / Dr Daniel N Erasmus

The case revolved around whether Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy had a Permanent Establishment (PE) in India, and whether profits could be attributed to that PE under the India-Finland Double TaxationDouble Taxation occurs when the same income or financial transaction is taxed twice, typically in different jurisdictions. It can arise in two primary contexts: economic double taxation, where the same income is taxed twice in the hands of different taxpayers, and juridical double taxation, where the same taxpayer is taxed on the same income in more than one country. Double... More Avoidance Agreement (DTAA).

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Lexel AB v Sweden (Skatteverket): CJEU Ruling on Interest Deductions and Freedom of Establishment

Case Summaries, EU, FP News, International, International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in Transfer Pricing, Sweden, Tax Dispute Resolution, TP Case Summaries, Transfer Pricing / Dr Daniel N Erasmus

In Lexel AB v Skatteverket (Case C‑484/19), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that Swedish tax legislationTax laws form the backbone of any nation’s revenue system, setting the rules that govern how individuals and corporations contribute financially to support government functions. These laws define the types of taxes, the applicable rates, and the regulations regarding payment and compliance. They also outline the rights and obligations of taxpayers, ensuring a balanced and fair approach to funding public... More, which denied Lexel AB the right to deduct interest payments made to a group company located in another EU Member State (France), infringed upon the freedom of establishment protected under Article 49 TFEU.

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Cadbury Schweppes vs UK: EU Ruling on Freedom of Establishment and Tax Avoidance

Case Summaries, EU, FP News, International, International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in International Tax, Postgraduate Programmes in Transfer Pricing, Tax Dispute Resolution, TP Case Summaries, Transfer Pricing, United Kingdom / Dr Daniel N Erasmus

The Cadbury Schweppes case is a seminal ruling in the context of the European Union’s freedom of establishment and the limitations on Member States’ tax authorities to impose tax measures on Controlled Foreign Companies (CFCsControlled Foreign Corporations (CFCs) are a fundamental concept in international taxation, referring to foreign companies that are under the control of domestic shareholders. Control is typically established when residents of a country, either individually or collectively, own more than a specified percentage of a foreign company’s shares, voting rights, or have the ability to exert substantial influence over its decision-making.... More).

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Motorola Inc. vs. India (DCIT)

The case revolves around cross-appeals by Motorola, Ericsson, and Nokia against the Income TaxIncome Tax is a direct levy imposed by governments on the income generated by individuals, corporations, and other entities within a specific jurisdiction. It serves as a major source of revenue for governments and funds various public expenditures, such as infrastructure projects, healthcare, education, national security, and welfare programs. The tax is generally calculated as a percentage of the taxable... More Department of India, challenging the taxability of revenues generated from the supply of equipment and software to Indian telecom operators.

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