West Africa

More on blockchain and the cryptocurrency – Ethereum Well to quote Blockgeeks: Every single operation that takes part in Ethereum, be it a simple transaction, or a smart contract, or even an ICO takes some amount of gas. Gas is what is used to calculate the amount of fees that need to be paid to […]

Many have observed that technology will free up time for lawyers to engage in more strategic and higher value activities. To be better problem-solvers, more commercial and more creative. What do these concepts mean? What kinds of skills are involved?You often hear clients describe a good lawyer as someone who is commercial, practical, creative, strategic, etc. But

AI Robotics the future taxes – A US perspective-2 Why the OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More (OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and

My view – where cryptocurrency is held as a currency to buy goods or services, when its value is released on buying those goods or services as a currency, there should be no tax consequence.  Just like when you hold dollars, that are converted to Rands when you buy goods and services. You are not

The brochure: TPA Global Tax Controversy – Workshop for Corporates Some large corporations are in attendance in personalized small workshops. You are invited to attend. http://www.tpa-global.ccom/gtc2018  

Curriculum – AD Transfer PricingTransfer pricing is a fundamental concept in international taxation that defines the pricing methods and rules applied to transactions between related entities within a multinational enterprise (MNE). In the context of tax regulations, it governs how prices for goods, services, or intangibles (such as intellectual property) are set when these items are exchanged between different branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates of... More 2018 vr6 Please note that the tutorial questions and the assignments are embedded in the Curriculum Spreadsheet with hyperlinks to make it easier to prepare. But the essential reading materials are set out below, with addition up-to-date reading you should be doing as changes are made by the OECDThe Organisation for

Curriculum – New Curriculum vr5 Please note that the tutorial questions and the assignments are embedded in the Curriculum Spreadsheet. Reading materials per lecture – http://iitfconnect.com/?p=1040 Prescribed reading materials: International Tax Primer 3rd Edition Brian Arnold – eBook Victor Thuronyi Comparative Tax LawTax laws form the backbone of any nation’s revenue system, setting the rules that govern how individuals and corporations contribute financially to support government functions. These laws define the types of taxes, the applicable rates, and the regulations regarding payment and compliance. They also outline the rights and obligations of taxpayers, ensuring a balanced and fair approach to funding public... More Basic International TaxationFOR MORE INSIGHT ON INTERNATIONAL TAXATION, PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE: Introduction to International Taxation: Key Concepts & Guidelines International Taxation encompasses the framework of laws, principles, and treaties that govern the tax obligations of individuals and entities engaged in economic activities that span multiple jurisdictions. This field addresses how income, profits, and gains are taxed when operations or investments extend... More Vol I by Roy Rohatgi – eBook UN Model Double TaxationDouble Taxation occurs when the same income or financial transaction is taxed twice, typically in different jurisdictions. It can arise in two primary contexts: economic double taxation, where the same income is taxed twice in the hands of different taxpayers, and juridical double taxation, where the same taxpayer is taxed on the same income in more than one country. Double... More Convention

Why is tax one of the biggest business risks in Africa, that interlinks with corruption? Corrupt officials and governments use the desperately needed tax funds for social uplifting and development in a corrupt manner. This places more pressure on the fiscus to collect more taxes. MNEsWhat are Multinational EnterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEsWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More)? Multinational EnterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More, commonly referred to

The facts are set out here: Facts The moot judgment: Disputes Mauritius Legit Expect judgment The supporting documents: TP SARSThe South African Revenue Service (SARS) is the official tax authority responsible for the administration and enforcement of tax laws in South Africa. It plays a crucial role in managing the country’s fiscal policy by collecting revenue, administering customs, and ensuring compliance with tax legislation. Established under the South African Revenue Service Act, No. 34 of 1997, SARS functions independently... More Practice Note 7 Income TaxIncome Tax is a direct levy imposed by governments on the income generated by individuals, corporations, and other entities within a specific jurisdiction. It serves as a major source of revenue for governments and funds various public expenditures, such as infrastructure projects, healthcare, education, national security, and welfare programs. The tax is generally calculated as a percentage of the taxable... More Practice Note 7 of 1999 SARSThe South African Revenue Service (SARS) is the official tax authority responsible for the administration and enforcement of tax laws in South Africa. It plays a crucial role in managing the country’s fiscal policy by collecting revenue, administering customs, and ensuring compliance with tax legislation. Established under the South African Revenue Service Act, No. 34 of 1997, SARS functions independently... More arguments Legitimate Expectation note OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More How Acquiescence and Estoppel legally bound to OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More commentaries by Frank Engelen Unilever Kenya Ltd v Commissioner KRA Income

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