Nigeria

Pre-recorded lecture – Intangibles Part I https://www.dropbox.com/sh/v7urmo9vu9bx4i1/AABqDiu1S48Zog1ajCtmv5Tda?dl=0 Follow curriculum – Reading: OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More TPG Transfer PricingTransfer pricing is a fundamental concept in international taxation that defines the pricing methods and rules applied to transactions between related entities within a multinational enterprise (MNE). In the context of tax regulations, it governs how prices for goods, services, or intangibles (such as intellectual property) are set when these items are exchanged between different branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates of... More Guidelines for Multinational EnterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More and Tax AdministrationTax authorities are fundamental institutions within government frameworks, overseeing tax assessment, collection, and administration. Their operations ensure that tax laws are enforced and public funds are collected efficiently. This article delves into tax authorities' purpose, responsibilities, and structure, offering insights into their essential role in supporting government functions and economic stability. What is a Tax Authority? A tax authority is... More July 2017 Chapter VI BEPSBEPS stands for “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”. BEPS refers to tax avoidanceTax avoidance refers to the practice of legally structuring financial activities to minimise tax liability, reducing the amount of tax owed without violating laws. Unlike tax evasion, which is illegal and involves concealing income or misreporting, tax avoidance operates within the framework of the law. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and individuals often engage in tax planning strategies that reduce tax liabilities... More strategies used by multinational enterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEsWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More) to exploit gaps and mismatches in the international tax system. By […]

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation comprising 38 member countries, established to foster economic growth, trade, and development on a global scale. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a forum for governments to collaborate, share policy experiences, and develop solutions to common economic challenges. The OECD's core mission is to promote policies that improve... More TPG Transfer PricingTransfer pricing is a fundamental concept in international taxation that defines the pricing methods and rules applied to transactions between related entities within a multinational enterprise (MNE). In the context of tax regulations, it governs how prices for goods, services, or intangibles (such as intellectual property) are set when these items are exchanged between different branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates of... More Guidelines for Multinational EnterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More and Tax AdministrationTax authorities are fundamental institutions within government frameworks, overseeing tax assessment, collection, and administration. Their operations ensure that tax laws are enforced and public funds are collected efficiently. This article delves into tax authorities' purpose, responsibilities, and structure, offering insights into their essential role in supporting government functions and economic stability. What is a Tax Authority? A tax authority is... More July 2017 Chapter VII Action 10 Low value-adding intra-group servicesFOR MORE INSIGHT ON INTRA-GROUP SERVICESFOR MORE INSIGHT ON INTRA-GROUP SERVICES, PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE: Intra-Group Services: Guidelines, Examples, and Risk Management Strategies Intra-Group Services refer to activities performed by one entity within a multinational enterprise (MNE) group that benefit one or more associated enterprises. These services may include administrative, technical, financial, or commercial assistance provided by a central company to its affiliates. A primary... More, PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE: Intra-Group ServicesFOR MORE INSIGHT ON INTRA-GROUP SERVICES, PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE: Intra-Group Services: Guidelines, Examples, and Risk Management Strategies Intra-Group Services refer to activities performed by one entity within a multinational enterprise (MNE) group that benefit one or more associated enterprises. These services may include administrative, technical, financial, or commercial assistance provided by a central company to its affiliates. A primary... More: Guidelines, Examples, and Risk Management Strategies Intra-Group ServicesFOR MORE INSIGHT ON INTRA-GROUP SERVICES, PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE: Intra-Group Services: Guidelines, Examples, and Risk Management Strategies Intra-Group Services refer to activities performed by one entity within a multinational enterprise (MNE) group that benefit one or more associated enterprises. These services may include administrative, technical, financial, or commercial assistance provided by a central company to its affiliates. A primary... More refer to activities performed by one entity within a multinational enterprise (MNEWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More)

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter VII Action 10 Low value-adding intra-group servicesFOR MORE INSIGHT ON INTRA-GROUP SERVICES, PLEASE READ THIS ARTICLE: Intra-Group Services: Guidelines, Examples, and Risk Management Strategies Intra-Group Services refer to activities performed by one entity within a multinational enterprise (MNE) group that benefit one or more associated enterprises. These services may include administrative, technical, financial, or commercial assistance provided by a central company to its affiliates. A primary... More, page 141 BEPS Actions 8-10 Final Report Intangibles, Risks & Capital, High-Risk Transactions http://www.oecd.org/ctp/beps-actions.htm BEPS Action 10BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting) Action 10 is part of the OECD's BEPS initiative, which seeks to align transfer pricing outcomes with value creation and prevent tax avoidance through manipulative practices. Specifically, Action 10 addresses the use of high-risk transactions between multinational enterprise (MNE) group members that may not align with the arm’s length principle. It aims to limit... More – Transfer Pricing_ Other High Risk Transactions _ Rödl & Partner General ongoing reading as

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter III: Part A6 General ongoing reading as the courses advance, reading about 10 pages a week to gain an overview understanding: An Overview of Transfer PricingTransfer pricing is a fundamental concept in international taxation that defines the pricing methods and rules applied to transactions between related entities within a multinational enterprise (MNE). In the context of tax regulations, it governs how prices for goods, services, or intangibles (such as intellectual property) are set when these items are exchanged between different branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates of... More by IBFD   Start your Assignment 3 preparation now – start reading the EXTENSIVE DOCUMENTS: the pre-trial filing of

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter III: A4.3 to A5 General ongoing reading as the courses advance, reading about 10 pages a week to gain an overview understanding: An Overview of Transfer PricingTransfer pricing is a fundamental concept in international taxation that defines the pricing methods and rules applied to transactions between related entities within a multinational enterprise (MNE). In the context of tax regulations, it governs how prices for goods, services, or intangibles (such as intellectual property) are set when these items are exchanged between different branches, subsidiaries, or affiliates of... More by IBFD   Start your Assignment 3 preparation now – start reading the EXTENSIVE DOCUMENTS: the pre-trial

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter III: A1 to A4.2 Scope of  Work for Guidance on the Transactional Profit Split Method, page 55 BEPSBEPS stands for “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”. BEPS refers to tax avoidanceTax avoidance refers to the practice of legally structuring financial activities to minimise tax liability, reducing the amount of tax owed without violating laws. Unlike tax evasion, which is illegal and involves concealing income or misreporting, tax avoidance operates within the framework of the law. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and individuals often engage in tax planning strategies that reduce tax liabilities... More strategies used by multinational enterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEsWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More) to exploit gaps and

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter II: Part 3 Scope of  Work for Guidance on the Transactional Profit Split Method, page 55 BEPSBEPS stands for “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”. BEPS refers to tax avoidanceTax avoidance refers to the practice of legally structuring financial activities to minimise tax liability, reducing the amount of tax owed without violating laws. Unlike tax evasion, which is illegal and involves concealing income or misreporting, tax avoidance operates within the framework of the law. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and individuals often engage in tax planning strategies that reduce tax liabilities... More strategies used by multinational enterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEsWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More) to exploit gaps and mismatches

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter II: Part 3 Scope of  Work for Guidance on the Transactional Profit Split Method, page 55 BEPSBEPS stands for “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”. BEPS refers to tax avoidanceTax avoidance refers to the practice of legally structuring financial activities to minimise tax liability, reducing the amount of tax owed without violating laws. Unlike tax evasion, which is illegal and involves concealing income or misreporting, tax avoidance operates within the framework of the law. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and individuals often engage in tax planning strategies that reduce tax liabilities... More strategies used by multinational enterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEs) to exploit gaps and

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter II: Part 1 and 2 BEPSBEPS stands for “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”. BEPS refers to tax avoidanceTax avoidance refers to the practice of legally structuring financial activities to minimise tax liability, reducing the amount of tax owed without violating laws. Unlike tax evasion, which is illegal and involves concealing income or misreporting, tax avoidance operates within the framework of the law. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and individuals often engage in tax planning strategies that reduce tax liabilities... More strategies used by multinational enterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEsWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More) to exploit gaps and mismatches in the international tax system. By shifting profits from high-tax

Follow curriculum – Reading: OECD TPG Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration July 2017 Chapter 1: Section D.1.2.2 BEPSBEPS stands for “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”. BEPS refers to tax avoidanceTax avoidance refers to the practice of legally structuring financial activities to minimise tax liability, reducing the amount of tax owed without violating laws. Unlike tax evasion, which is illegal and involves concealing income or misreporting, tax avoidance operates within the framework of the law. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) and individuals often engage in tax planning strategies that reduce tax liabilities... More strategies used by multinational enterprisesWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More (MNEsWhat are Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Multinational Enterprises, commonly referred to as MNEs, are corporations that operate in multiple countries through various subsidiaries, branches, or affiliates. These entities maintain a central management structure while leveraging diverse resources, labour markets, and customer bases across borders. The fundamental aspect that distinguishes MNEs from other corporate forms is their cross-border activity, which can include... More) to exploit gaps and mismatches in the international tax system. By shifting profits from high-tax jurisdictions